Optimal Two-Stage Programming for Integration of PHEV Parking Lots in Industrial Microgrids

With the progressive exhaustion of fossil energy and the enhanced awareness of environmental protection, more attention is being paid to plug in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV). Inappropriate siting and sizing of PHEV parking lots (PL) could have negative effects on the development of PHEV, the layout of the city traffic network, and the convenience of PHEVs’ drivers as well as lead to an increasing in the network losses and a degradation in voltage profiles at some nodes. Given this background, this paper aims to allocate PLs in Industrial Microgrids (IMG) with the objective of minimizing system costs including investment cost, power loss and scheduling cost as possible objectives. A two-stage model has been designed for this purpose. The optimal siting and sizing of PLs in order to minimize the investment cost of PLs is performed in the first stage. At the second stage, the optimal PHEV scheduling problem is solved considering market interactions to provide profit to the PL owner with taken into account various network constraints. Conclusions are duly drawn with a realistic example. Keywords—Electric vehicle; parking lot; two-stage programming; industrial microgrids.